Which aspect is central to the learning process heeded by constructivism?

Constructivism emphasizes that learners construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. Central to this learning process is the idea that motivation plays a critical role, particularly when it is driven by personal beliefs about success. When learners are motivated by their own convictions regarding their abilities, they engage more deeply with the material, actively participate in their learning, and connect new information with their prior knowledge. This self-directed motivation fosters a sense of ownership and relevance in the learning process.

The other options, while related to learning, do not align with the core tenets of constructivism. Memorization of theoretical concepts is more aligned with traditional learning methods that focus on rote learning rather than understanding. The reinforcement of existing behaviors pertains more to behaviorist approaches, which do not emphasize the active role of the learner in constructing knowledge. Non-interactive lecture-based learning goes against the principles of constructivism, which advocates for interactive and collaborative learning experiences that engage students and allow them to explore concepts actively.