What principle of Mayer's Multimedia Theory suggests that visuals should be explained with either audio or text but not both?

The principle that suggests visuals should be explained with either audio or text but not both is known as the redundancy principle. This principle posits that when information is presented redundantly through multiple channels—such as using both text and audio to convey the same information—cognitive overload can occur. This overload may hinder learning because it can divide the learner’s attention and make it difficult to process the information effectively.

In a multimedia learning context, the redundancy principle emphasizes that it is more effective to use one mode of presentation to explain visuals, either in text or audio form, rather than combining both. This allows learners to focus better on the essential content without being overwhelmed by unnecessary duplication of information.

Understanding this principle helps designers create more effective educational materials and experiences by ensuring that learners can engage with the content in a way that maximizes comprehension and retention, without unnecessary distraction.