In utility analysis, what does the variable 'N' represent in the formula U = N × T × dt × SDy - c?

In utility analysis, the variable 'N' signifies the number of employees developed through the training program. This is critical in calculating the overall utility of training because it reflects the impact of the program on a larger scale—considering the collective performance improvements of all the trained individuals. By multiplying 'N' with other factors such as the duration of the program's effects on performance, the true difference in job performance, and the standard deviation, the formula provides a comprehensive estimate of the economic benefits derived from the training program. This variable underscores the importance of scale in evaluating training effectiveness, as a program that benefits more employees can have a significantly greater total impact on organizational performance.